短文写作的基本句式

I. 表示原因:

1. There are three reasons for this.

2. The reasons for this are as follows

3. The reasons for this are obvious.

4. The reason for this is not far to seek.

5. We have a good reason to believe that _____

6. There is a good reason to believe that______

 

II. 表示好处

1. It has the following advantages.

2. It does us a lot of good.

3. It benefits us quite a lot.

4. It is beneficial to us.

5. It is of great benefit to us.

 

III. 表示缺点、坏处

1. It has more disadvantages than advantages.

2. It does us much harm.

3. It is harmful to us.

 

IV. 表示重要、必要、困难、方便、可能

1. It is important (necessary, difficult, convenient, possible) for sb. to do sth.

2. We think it necessary to do sth.

3. It plays an important role in our life.

 

V. 表示措施、怎样做

1. We should take some effective measures.

2. We should try our best to overcome (conquer) the difficulties.

3. We should do our utmost in doing sth.

4. We should solve the problems that we are confronted with.

 

VI. 表示变化

1. Some changes have taken place in the past five years.

2. A great change will certainly be produced in the world’s communications.

3. The computer has brought about many changes in education.

 

VII. 表示事实、现状

1. We can not ignore the fact that_____

2. No one can deny the fact that _________

3. There is no denying the fact that _______

4. This is a phenomenon that many people are interested in.

5. The situation is further complicated by the fact that ______

6. However, that’s not the case.

 

VIII. 表示比较

1. Compared with the bicycle, the car runs much faster.

2. I prefer to read rather than watch TV.

3. There is a striking contrast between them.

 

IX. 表示数量

1. The population in this city has now increased to 800,000.

2. It has increased (decreased) from ____ to _____

3. The output of July in this factory increased by 15% compared with that of January.

 

X. 表示看法

1. People have (take, adopt, assume) different attitudes towards sth.

2. People have different opinions on this problem.

3. People take different views of (on) the question.

4. Some people believe that ____. Others argue that _____

 

XI. 表示结论

1. In short, it can be said that ______

2. It may be briefly summed up as follows.

3. From what has been mentioned above, we can come to the conclusion that _____

 

XII. 套语

1. It’s well known to us that _______

2. As is known to us, ______

3. This a topic that is being widely talked about.

4. From the graph (table, chart) listed above, it can be seen that_______

5. As a proverb says, “where there is a will, there is a way”

 

基本句式应用两例

1. We cannot ignore the fact that there are many fake commodities in our society. The reason for this is not far to seek. Some people want to earn much money and become rich without working hard. Therefore, they produce and sell fake commodities disregarding the law and discipline.

2. It is important for the students to know the world outside campus. The reason for this is obvious, I think. Nowadays, the society is changing and developing rapidly, and the campus is no longer an “ivory tower”. As college students, we must get in touch with the world outside the campus. Only in this way can we adapt ourselves to the society quickly when we graduate.

 

 

论说文

 

I. 对立观点型论说文

1、引出话题------一种观点认为------另一种观点认为------我的观点

2、引出话题(一种情况)------一种观点认为------我的态度

i.点明主题时常用句型

1. ___________has become a hot topic among people recently. Opinions vary from person to person.

2. There is an argument / much disagreement / no consensus of opinions among people concerning / over / as to / on ____________________

3. Nowadays, people are divided on the question as to whether________________

4. Different people have different views / perspectives on__________

5. When being asked about _______ different people will offer different answers.

6. There is a public debate / discussion / controversy today about the problem of _____________

7. The issue of whether or not ______ has been widely argued / debated currently.

ii. 具体介绍两种对立观点时常用句型

1. Some people suggest / maintain / hold that opinion that ________. But / However / While / Nevertheless / Yet other people hold a different point of view__________

2. Some people are inclined to think that _____. On the contrary / In contrast, there are still many people who won’t agree, and they claim___________

3. When it comes to ____________ some people think / believe that __________ while others argue / claim that the opposite / reverse is true.

4. Those who criticize / oppose to / object to _________ argue that ______But people who advocate / favor / ________, on the other hand, maintain / assert that ___________

5. Now it is commonly / generally / widely / universally thought / accepted / believed / held that ________. But I wonder / doubt whether________

6. To the general public / popular mind, _________ But despite / in spite of _________, I still believe ___________

7. Nowadays, an overwhelming majority of people think that _________. Nevertheless, there are still some people think that ________________

iii.表达自己观点常用句型

1. For my part / As to me / As far as I am concerned, I’d like to agree to the former / my favor goes to the first view.

2. I agree to the latter opinion to some extent.

3. I am in favor of ___________ / I am on the side of _______________

4. In my opinion, both sides are partly right. When we _________ we should take into consideration all aspects of the problems and then make the right decision.

5. There is probably some truth in both arguments / statements, but _________

 

II. 问题解决型论说文结构

1、描述情况(问题)------- 分析原因 --------- 我的对策或看法

2、提出问题-------- 分析各种解决办法 --------- 结论

i. 引出话题常用句式

1. Nowadays, ______ has become a problem we have to face.

2. Nowadays, more and more people are concerned about the problem _______

3. Although _________ has brought convenience to us, many people have begun to realize that it is the source of trouble as well.

4. Recently, the rise in the phenomenon of _________ has drawn / aroused / captured worldwide attention.

5. Recently, the issue / problem / question of ______ has been brought into focus / brought to public attention / posed among public attention.

6. In recent years, many cities / nations / people have been faced / troubled with the serious problem of _______

7. With the increasingly rapid economic globalization and urbanization, more and more problems are brought to our attention.

8. Nowadays more and more people come to realize / be aware of the importance of _______

9. Thanks to China’s reform and opening-up policy, the past two decades have witnessed great economic development and social transformation.

10. With the rapid / amazing / fantastic development / growth / improvement of economy, great changes have taken place in __________

11. One of the urgent / pressing problems / issues we are confronted with is that ___________

12. It is undeniable / There is no denying the fact that ________ has become the utmost concern among people nowadays.

13. Once in a newspaper, I hit upon / came across a report that __________

ii. 分析原因常用句式

1. Here are many / several / a number of / a variety of reasons for it. First ________. Second __________ Finally _______-

2. The reasons can be listed as follows. For one thing, _________. For another ____________

3. What has possible contributed to this problem? In the first place _________. In the second place_____________

4. Perhaps the main / primary / most important reason is __________

5. _____________ is also / partly / solely / chiefly responsible for the problem.

6. It is no easy job to identify the reasons for ______ which involves several complicated factors. For some _______ For others ________

7. A number of factors could account for / lead to / contribute to / result in / be conducive to __________

8. This problem may result from / be attributable to / be largely due to / stem from a combination of factors.

9. The explanation for this phenomenon involves many complex reasons. For one thing ________ For another _________

10. Some people may think that _____ is to blame for this problem, but its causes go still / far deeper.

11. It will exert a far-reaching / profound impact / influence / effect on ____________

12. Admittedly, it may create / give rise to / bring about a host of problems.

13. There are a variety of reasons for this phenomenon.

iii. 提出解决方案常用句式

1. The first key factor to solve this problem is___________. Another key factor is __________

2. People have found many solutions / approaches to dealing with this problem.

3. We can figure out many ways to relieve the present crisis.

4. Then, how should we solve this problem? Here are some suggestions, which may be of some help.

5. Faced with _________, we should take a series of effective measures to cope with the situation.

6. It is high time that _______. Here are a few examples of some of the measures that might be taken immediately.

7. Obviously, if we ignore / are blind to this problem, the chances are that / it is most likely that / there is every chance that ______ will be put in jeopardy(危险的境地).

8. We need to take a fresh / clear look at this matter / situation in a new perspective / from a wider standpoint. Otherwise, we won’t come anywhere near solving it.(否则的话我们将很难解决它)

9. It is essential / indispensable that proper actions / effective measures should be taken to reverse this situation / trend.

10. It is hoped / suggested that considerable / great efforts should be directed to / focused on _______

11. There is no easy / immediate solution / approach to the issue of ____, but ___might be beneficial / helpful.

12. No effective / simple solution can be at hand / in sight to resolve / tackle the problem of ______. But the general awareness of the importance of _______ might be the first step in the right direction.

 

III. 说明利弊型论说文

描述某一现象(事物)-----分析其优点-----分析其缺点------我的态度或看法

i. 说明事物优点常用句式

1. There are several advantages in / of ___. The first / biggest advantage is that______

2. Nothing / Few thins can equal / match with / be compared with ______ in terms of_____

3. For all / In spite of / Despite the disadvantages / side effects, it has its compensating advantages / beneficial effects.

4. ___________has a positive impact / influence / effect on people’s lives.

5. __________ is playing an increasingly important role in people’s lives.

ii.说明事物缺点的常用句式

1. However, _______ , just like anything else, has its negative side as well

2. Of course, the disadvantages cannot be ignored.

3. However, it still has some drawbacks.

4. However, just as everything has two sides, _______ also has many disadvantages.

5. However, _______ may also cause / bring about / lead to / result in / contribute to some problems.

6. However, it is often blamed for its obvious defects.

7. Everything has two sides. _________ is no exception.

8. As the proverb goes, every coin has its two sides / no garden without its weeds / every medal has its reverse. _________ is no exception.

9. However, the negative aspects are also apparent / obvious/ evident. To begin with, _____. To make matters worse, ________. Worst of all,_______

10. The side effects _________ has exerted on human beings can be boiled down to several major ones as follows. First, ___________. Second, ________. In addition, __________

iii.表明事物利大于弊的常用句式

1. As to me, I think the advantages outweigh / carry more weight than the disadvantages.

2. Anyway, I still believe _________ has more advantages than disadvantages.

3. But for me, I think what is more important is its positive side.

4. The advantages of / derived form ________ far outweigh / are much greater than the disadvantages / problems _________ entails(引发)

 

IV阐述主师型论说文

1、格言成语

揭示蕴意---------以例证展开论证----------结论(号召或建议)

2、其他

1)一种现象--------分析其中原因----------我的看法(前景预测或评价)

2)引出主题-------我的观点---------结论

i. 引出格言、谚语的常用句式

1. Here is an old saying, ______. It is the experience of our forefathers. However, it is correct in many cases even today.

2. One of our ancient philosopher said, ________Chinese people have always been holding their idea to be one of their stands of morality (中国人一直将它视为道德标准之一)

3. One of the great early writer said that ____________

ii. 举例说明的常用句式

1. ________, say / for example / for instance, ____________

2. Take _____ for example, ___________

3. A (good ) case in point is _______

4. Perhaps the most important / dramatic / striking example of _________ is __________

5. I can think of no better illustration of this idea than the example of ________

6. __________ is often cited / quoted as a familiar example of _________-

7. History / This nation / Our society is filled with examples of __________

8. Suppose that _________

iii. 事实证明的常用句式

1. No one can deny / doubt / ignore / overlook the fact that ___________

2. The idea / view / criticism is barely / fully supported by facts.

3. There is considerable evidence that ____________/ in favor of ______

4. The latest surveys / studies / polls conducted by __________ indicate / reveal / show / prove that __________

5. Nothing could be more obvious than the evidence that _______

6. One may not forget the old days when __________

7. All reliable data / evidence /facts pile(s) up to show / justify (justifies/ point(s) to the view that ______

8. Indications are that / evidence is that _______

9. As indicated / shown in the statistics __________

10. This has turned out the case (事实证明了这一点)

iv. 结论性结尾的常用句式

1. From what have been discussed above, we many come to / reach / draw the conclusion that ______

2. Taking into account all the factors, we may safely arrive at the conclusion that ______

3. In summary / In conclusion / In a word / In brief / In short / To sum up / On the whole, it is important that ________-

4. In summary, I would like to say that ________ is an issue that deserves immediate attention.

5. Personally / As far as I am concerned / For my part / As for me, I am in favor of the former / the latter.

 

图表作文

写作步骤:

观察图表---------组织图表----------描写图表----------分析问题------------修改成文

i.表示说明的常用句式

1. As we can see from the chart / graph / table / diagram, __________

2. The chart / graph / table / diagram shows / displays that _______

3. As (can be ) shown in / According to the chart / graph / table / diagram, __________

4. The figures / statistics in the chart reflect / show / reveal (that) ___________

5. The chart / graph / table / diagram illustrates / describes _______

6. It is clear / apparent from the chart / graph / table / diagram that ___________

ii. 表示数据的常用句式

1. __________had the largest percentage / proportion of _________

(——在——方面具有很大的百分比)

2. _________ account(s) for / take(s) up 10%. (———占10%

3. Compared with A, B has a higher percentage.

4. On the top of the list is ________, which accounts for 60%.

5. At the bottom is _____, which takes up 20%. (占最低比重的是——占20%)

6. A is second to B.A仅次于B

7. A is ranked / rated first, followed by B at 30% and C at 25%.

iii. 表示数据变化的常用句式

a. 表示增加、减少和波动的常用结构

1. The number of (private cars) increased / rose suddenly / rapidly / dramatically / substantially / considerably / sharply / steeply from _________to __________.

2. There was a sudden / rapid / dramatic / substantial / considerable / sharp / steep increase / rise in the number of (private cars) from ___________to _________

3. There was a boom in the number of (private cars) from ________ to __________

4. The number of (private cars ) climbed / jumped / rose suddenly / went sharply up / soared to ______ in ________

5. There was an evident / apparent / obvious increase in _______ from _______ to _______

6. The number of (private cars) increased / rose steadily / gradually from ____ to _____

7. There was a steady / gradual increase / rise in the number of (private cars) from ____ to _____

8. There was a slight / slow increase / rise in the number of (private cars) from ____ to ___.

9. The number of (private cars) increased / rose slightly / slowly from ____ to _____.

10. The number of (private cars) decreased / fell / dropped suddenly / rapidly / dramatically / substantially / sharply / steeply from ________ to __________.

11. There was a sudden / rapid / dramatic / substantial / sharp / steep decrease / drop / reduction / decline in the number of (private cars) from _______ to ______.

12. There was a(n) evident / apparent / obvious reduction / decline in ______ from _____ to ____.

13. The number of (private cars) dropped sharply / went sharply down to ____in ____

14. The number of (private cars) increased / rose by _____% from _____ to _____.

15. The number of (private cars) fell / dropped / declined by ___% from ____ to _____.

16. There was a slight fluctuation in the number of (private cars) from ______ to _____.

b. 表示变化不大或没有变化的常用结构

1. The number of (private cars) remained steady / stable / constant between _____ and ____.

2. The number of (private cars) stayed the same between ______ and _____.

3. There was little / hardly any change in the number of (private cars) between ____ and ____.

4. The number of (private cars) remained level between ______ and ______.

(______________期间,(私家车)的数量趋于稳定)

5. The number of (private cars) remained steady at approximately _____ between ___ and ____.

6. The number of (private cars) appeared to level off.

c. 表示最高点或最低点的常用结构

1. The situation / figures reached a peak at __% (数目)in______ (时间)

2. The situation / figures bottomed out at __% in _______

3. The situation / figures peaked at ___% in ______

4. The situation / figures hit a trough at ____% in ______

情况(数据)在_______(时间)达到最低点,为_______(数目)

5. The number soared to a record high of_________

d. 表示倍数的常用结构

1. A is twice / three times / four times what it was in ______ (时间)

2. A is twice / three times / four times the amount in ______(时间)

3. A is twice / three times / four times as much / many as ______ in ______ (时间)

4. A is twice / three times / four times more than _____ in ______

5. From _____ to ______, A increased / dropped more than sixfold (六倍)

6. The output of steel in 1990 was 400% up compared with in 1980.

7. The figure was roughly doubled / tripled / quintupled (五倍) between ______ and ______.

 

书信写作

 

I.投诉信

开头段:说明与收信人的相关性,并表明写作意图

主体段:写明投诉原因,要展开说明,可以说具体的理由,也可以说问题的具体体现方式,比如,表达你对此事所带来不便的感受、心情。此外,提出你对如何改进或者解决问题的建议,清楚表明你希望问题如何得到解决。

结尾段:表达你希望上述问题得到迅速解决的强烈愿望,并对有关人员做出的努力表示感谢,希望尽快得到满意的答复。

常用句型:

1. I am writing to you to complain about______

2. I am writing to express my dissatisfaction with _________

3. I am afraid that I have to inform you that ________

4. I am completely disappointed / upset to find ________

5. There are some problems with ______ that I wish to bring to attention. In the first place, ____. In the second place, _________

6. To reverse this situation, it is advisable / desirable / recommended / suggested that ______.

7. To improve the situation, it is advisable to take the following measures. For one thing, _____. For another, _____.

8. I sincerely hope that it will review its management system, with the view to (doing) _____.

9. I look forward to a day when we could ______.

10. I do hope that the problems will be solved as soon as possible.

11. I hope my suggestions will be taken into consideration to improve the situation.

12. If it is not properly settled, I would like to demand a refund, or I would complain to the Consumers’ Association.

13. It is high time that ______

14. We believe that you will take this matter seriously from now on and make every effort to prevent its recurrence.

II.询问信

开头段:表明写作意图,说明写这封信的目的是寻求什么样的信息或帮助。

主体段:询问具体问题,强调所需信息的重要性。

结尾段:表达获取信息的强烈愿望,提供联系方法以便收信人与你联系,并对有关人员表示感谢。

常用句型:

1. I would like to inquire about some information about________

2. I would like some detailed information on ________.

3. I shall be grateful if you could have details concerning _____ available.

4. I am writing to you in the hope that I may obtain ______.

5. I would be grateful if you would be so kind as to provide me with certain essential information with regard to the following aspects.

如果您能为我提供有关下列方面的信息,我将不胜感激。

6. Would you be so kind as to let me know _______

7. I am greatly concerned about __________.

8. I would be much obliged to you if you could inform me of _________.

如果你能通知我有关_______的详细情况,我将不胜感激

9. Your prompt and favorable attention to my inquiry would be greatly appreciated.

如果您能尽快给我个满意的答复,我将不胜感激。

10. I am looking forward to a favorable reply at your earliest convenience.

III. 道歉信

开头段:表明写作意图,对某事表示歉意。

主体段:说明道歉的具体原因。

结尾段:再次表明歉意,请求收信人的谅解,并表示你愿意为此做补救。

常用句型:

1. I must apologize to you for ______

2. I am terribly / awfully sorry that ________

3. It is thoughtless / inconsiderate of me to do ___________

4. I am afraid what I have done has caused many inconveniences to you.

5. I sincerely hope that you can understand that I offended you unintentionally.

6. I regret to inform you that I am unable to do ________-

7. I must make a sincere and humble apology to you for ___________

8. Please accept my sincere apology for ______ once more.

9. I sincerely hope that you will kindly accept my apologies.

10. I am so sorry to have put you to so much trouble.

IV. 感谢信

开头段:表明写作意图,向对方表示诚挚的谢意。

主体段:高度评价对方的帮助,列举为何对对方心存感激。

结尾段:再次表明感谢。

常用句型:

1. I am grateful / obliged to you for ______-

2. I am greatly indebted to you for what you have done.

3. I am thankful / obliged to you for your unselfish assistance during _________.

4. I deeply appreciate your courtesy and we hope to have the opportunity of rewarding your kindness.

5. I take this opportunity to express my deep appreciation of your kind help you rendered me.

6. It was kind and generous of you to do this for me, and I appreciate it more than I can say.

7. My appreciation to you for your generous help is beyond my words. I wish I could repay it some day.

8. Please accept my most cordial (诚恳的) thanks for your timely help, which I will never forget.

9. Words fail me when I want to express my gratitude to you. (感激之情难以言表)

10. Again, I would like to express our warm thanks to you. (再次向你表示感谢)

V. 邀请信

开头段:表明写作意图,向某人发出邀请。

主体段:说明邀请的具体原因,邀请的内容。

结尾段:表示强烈的期盼,并希望尽快得到答复。

常用句型:

1. I am pleased to invite you to participate in ______ to be held from _____ to _____ in ______.

2. It is my pleasure / a great honor for me to invite you to ______.

3. It is my pleasure to extend an invitation to you to go traveling with me.

4. I hope that you won’t decline my invitation.

5. I will cover all the expenses involved.

6. We were wondering if the session could consist of ________

7. Would you please let me know as soon as possible if you can accept my invitation?

8. If you accept we shall, of course, pay you a fee plus expenses.

9. I do hope you will be able to accept our invitation.

10. Do you agree to my arrangement? If you could prefer different arrangements, we shall fit in with them.

11. I am looking forward to your reply, and eventually, seeing you.

(我期盼着你的来信,并希望能见到你)

VI. 求职信

开头段:表明信息来源,并说明写作意图。

主体段:介绍相关工作经历、学习经历以及个人本性,以表明你可以胜任这个职位。

结尾段:表示强烈的期盼,并希望尽快得到答复。

常用句型:

1. I have read your advertisement in ___________ of June 26 for a secretary, and should be grateful if you consider me favorably as a candidate for the position.

2. I wish to apply for the position of _____ which you advertised in ____ on June 26.

3. I am very interested in exploring the possibility of obtaining a post as a(n) ____ with your firm.

4. I am keen to apply for a job vacancy with your company.本人非常想应聘贵公司的一个职位

5. I shall be pleased to furnish you with any further information concerning my education and work experience.

6. In response to / In reply to your advertisement, I wish to apply for ______

7. I graduated with a BA degree / a Master’s degree / a Doctorate degree in ___ from ___ in (year)

8. I believe that I am well qualified, both psychologically and academically, for the post.

9. I am fairly experienced / proficient / competent / skillful in ________

10. I have a fair mastery of ____ / have a good command of ______(我精通____)

11. I am available for an interview any moment. Please contact me at _____ (telephone number) / I can be reached at __________ (telephone number)

12. If you have any position available, please grant me a job interview. Thank you for your time and consideration.

13. I can come for an interview at your convenience.

14. I hope you would take my application into account favorably and entitle me to an interview.

(我希望您能够考虑我的申请,并给我面试的机会)

15. I have enclosed my resume with this letter

VII.求学信

开头段:简单自我介绍,并说明写作意图。

主体段:介绍相关工作经历、学习经历以及个人本性。

结尾段:表示强烈的期盼,并希望尽快得到答复。

常用句型:

1. I wish to pursue my Master’s degree in your prestigious university.

2. I wish to apply to admission to your department as a postgraduate student.

3. I am greatly interested in your graduate program in College of Law and wish to apply for admission.

4. Would you be so kind as to provide me with some relevant information?

5. I am writing to ask for admission to your department. It’s my long-cherished dream to pursue my study in your honored department.

6. It would be appreciative of you if you could send me some relevant information at your earliest convenience.

7. Could you send me an application form as well as some detailed information regarding _____?

8. If further materials are required, I am only too willing to forward them to you.

9. I will certainly feel honored if I could be admitted to your university, which, renowned for its long history and a fine tradition of scholarship, enjoys a worldwide fame.

10. Would you please let me know the procedures for admission at your earliest convenience?

11. I shall be glad to furnish you with any further information concerning my education and work experience.

 

VIII. 推荐信

开头段:表明写作意图,并说明推荐人与被推荐人之间的关系。

主体段:说明推荐原因,介绍普查推荐人的相关工作经历、学习经历以及个人秉性。

结尾段:表示感谢和期待。

常用句型:

1. I am very glad to recommend to you a former student of mine, Mr. / Miss _____ to be an ideal candidate for _____

2. It’s my great pleasure to have been asked to produce a letter of recommendation for Mr./Miss___

3. There is little doubt that ____ is sufficiently qualified for the post he / she is apply for. I stand up for his / her application without reservation.

4. I have no hesitation in recommending _____ for admission to your graduate program.

5. I hope the information will make you well-informed of ____. Should you need any information, please do not hesitate to contact me.

6. If any further information about him / her is required, please let me know.

7. I should be very grateful if you would consider his / her application seriously.

8. I would be much obliged to you if you could consider my recommendation and kindly offer him an opportunity.

9. In view of his / her accomplishments, I am firmly convinced that he/she will become a successful graduate student.

10. Armed with a strong sense of responsibility, commitment, enthusiasm and diligence, Mr./Miss___ will definitely be competent for ________

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